A review of the factors that prevent and support biofilm formation, and standardising the measures of antimicrobial efficacy upon biofilms.
Structure:
1. Introduction – Describe/Define biofilms, brief historical perspective, the negative impacts in clinical and industrial settings with statistics, and hence why we study them, and explain that there is many ways to measure biofilms, but not a standardised way of measuring biofilms
1.1 Literature review – review the studies that exist in preventing biofilm formation/cell adhesion, how biofilm production and prevention have been modelled, what measurements, quantitative and qualitative, you have learned to be important in understanding prevention effectiveness, what techniques have been and are currently used to measure adhesion
2. Factors and applications that prevent biofilm formation
2.1 Nanotopography – State how the different shapes and dimensions have an effect upon bacteria (killing them and helping them survive)
2.2 Chemistry – how cell wall composition and functional groups interact and the types of affinities that exist (which can kill or support microbes)
2.3 Physical surface aspects – surface energy, surface charge, zeta potential, contact angles
2.4 Specific bacteria – provide common examples of how certain bacteria differ and have their own mechanisms to form biofilms, how certain bacteria are killed by antibiotics, how quorum sensing is inhibited to prevent biofilm formation
2.5 Specific surface material – how specific surface materials assist or prevent biofilm formation
2.6 Coatings – what coatings are applied to prevent biofilm formation and which bacteria have been particularly tested, build a consensus
3. A model standardising measurements (i.e. a scale that identifies how effective an application is in preventin biofilm growth has been successful) – this should initially include a statement that summarises the previous sections, succinctly saying different sectors have different issues with biofilms and use different preventions, so either a model for coatings or model for a specific bacteria should be focused on, where the model system and measurement technique is selected and justified. Can be broken down into subsections if it helps to flow
4. Conclusion – Summarise why model is useful for lab work and how it can ease analysis and decision-making
4.1 Recommendations – Suggest an idea that would be the basis of a good model for another biofilm formation factor and why it should be researched
5. References

The paper can included up to 5 tables and 5 figures maximum.

This is a research project, should be written in the structure stated with consistent and effective use of references