Write at least a 525-word response in APA format addressing the following questions:

What are your current exercise habits?
According to iProfile® report, what were your total expended calories? Provide a screenshot of your results summary.
From Week 4, what was the average amount of calories you consumed through food?
Are you in energy deficiency, balance, or excess?
What everyday changes, if any, might you make to increase the amount of energy expended in your day-to-day activities?
What types and amounts of exercise would work best for you?
Can you perform these activities year-round? If not, suggest alternative activities and locations for inclement weather.
Create a screenshot of your results summary by:
Inputting your data within the Activity Journal on iProfile® after selecting the right dates. Access the energy balance report to determine how many calories you burned during the 3-day period. Access the Activity Journal Summary and the Energy Balance. Provide a screenshot of the results summary.
Include references with citations in APA format.

REFLECTIVE WRITING
Practical experience is as important as theory in fields such as education and nursing.
Reflection on that experience helps you to make links between theory and practice, integrate
new knowledge with previous knowledge and develop your understanding. Reflecting on and
learning from your experiences, including your mistakes, can help you to avoid repeated
mistakes and, at the same time, identify successful aspects of an experience and principles
which might usefully be applied to other situations. Reflection provides the opportunity to make
sense of and learn from any experience and handle similar situations appropriately another time.
It gives you the chance to explore thoughts and feelings, work through difficult or painful
experiences, develop self awareness and fresh insights. It can help you to get away from
routine, automatic action and make conscious and informed decisions after weighing up all
aspects of a situation.
Reflection may take place at different times:
Before action – weighing up different aspects before deciding on a particular approach
During action – thinking on your feet
After action – looking back
Reflective writing is largely concerned with looking back – but with a view to the future.
To be effective and constructive, reflective writing needs to go beyond description of events and
your own associated feelings. You need to:
step back, explore and analyse your own role in the experience
consider the different perspectives of other people involved
make connections with relevant theories, supporting your ideas by reference to literature
and research
consider legal and organisational implications
show awareness of social and political influences
show what you have learned from the process
Because reflective writing involves personal analysis of personal experience and feelings, it is
acceptable to use the “first person” – i.e. to describe what “I did” and how “I felt.) However, the
style should not be too informal and the tone not conversational.
Several frameworks have been developed to help carry out the process of reflection in a
structured way. Some of these are described by Elizabeth Girot in Baillere’s Study Skills for
Nurses (Maslin-Prothero ed, 2001). Students other than nurses might also find them useful. The
following checklist of questions, based on three main questions, combines elements from some
of these frameworks and could be a useful starting point if you are unfamiliar with reflective
writing:
1. What?
– is the purpose of returning to this situation?
exactly happened, in your own words?
did you see? did you do?
was your reaction?
did other people do, e.g. colleague, child?
do you see as the key aspects of the situation?
2. So what?
were you trying to achieve?
were the reasons for the way you responded?
beliefs and values influenced your actions?
assumptions did you make?
were your feelings at this time?
are your feelings now? Are there differences? Why?
“good” emerged from the situation e.g. for self, others?
troubles you, if anything?
were your experiences in comparison to your colleagues, etc?
were the feelings of others involved? How do you know?
are the main reasons for feeling differently from your colleagues, etc.?
knowledge did or should have informed you?
1. Now what?
are the implications for you, others involved.?
needs to happen to alter the situation?
happens if you decide not to alter anything?
might you do differently if faced with a similar situation again?
would be the consequences of alternative actions for yourself, others?
information do you need to face a similar situation?
are the best ways of getting further information about the situation should it arise
again?
References:
Girot E.A. Reflective skills. In Maslin-Prothero S.(ed.) Baillere’s Study Skills for Nurses 2001 –
second edition. Baillere Tindall/RCN. London.

Assignment 1

Hank Marvin and Patty Smith have worked together for years in the food and catering industry and, having the same dream to run their own business, decided to open their own coffee shop. Hank and Patty spent 12 months researching and planning the details of their coffee shop to decide on the best location, who their target market was, how much capital they would be able to raise, key competitors, what suppliers they would use and what products and services they would offer in their coffee shop and so forth. Then in January 2017 Marvin and Smith’s coffee shop was opened in Wandsworth in South London.
In order to stand out from other coffee shops that seem to be flooding the market in London, Hank and Patty decided on the following:
-To use the finest coffee beans from Gumutindo Coffee, a Fairtrade supplier in Uganda that focuses on enabling farmers in Uganda to earn an independent income and to run their own farms, as research had shown that ethical concerns were high amongst potential customers in this location. High quality tea and herbal infusions would also be sourced from Fairtrade registered Foundations in Eastern Uganda and, where possible, East African inspired snacks, pastries and cold drinks (e.g. fresh mango juice) will be offered.

– To offer an environment that is both relaxing with an East African feel to it (to continue the Ugandan influence) as well as being practical for customers’ needs (including access to a power point socket for charging phones/laptops, etc. and free Wi-Fi)

– To ensure that staff (including Baristas) were trained to the highest standard and were offered a wage and development opportunities that were above and beyond their competitors

– To offer themed evenings such as board game night and chat with Nanna (for a chat and advice)
Marvin and Smith’s coffee shop has a strong ethos of promoting fair trade and equality and expect their staff to respect and value these beliefs and to promote and demonstrate such attitudes and behaviour in the workplace. Staff are also expected to help out with the themed evenings where applicable such as playing short board games if customers have no-one to play with. These are areas which they highlight during the recruitment process.
Since their initial shop opening, Marvin and Smith have opened an additional two coffee shops in and around London. However, the initial information system that was set up for the coffee shop was only structured and set up to manage the information with regards to one or possibly two coffee shops. Hank and Patty are therefore beginning to realise that this initial information system structure is quickly becoming outdated in terms of their business needs because of their continued expansion. As the demand for their East African-inspired coffee shop with themed evenings increasing and because International tourists have even started seeking out these coffee shops, as they are becoming known abroad, Hank and Patty have decided to focus on an overseas expansion plan.
They have therefore decided to focus on an expansion plan and want to open up one of their coffee shops in a European Union country. However, they are unsure as to which of these countries to expand their coffee shop into and have asked you to carry out and write up your research.
Income Statement for Marvin & Smith’s Coffee Shops’ for the period ended 31st December 2017
£ £
Sales 360,000.00

Less Cost of goods sale
Purchases 160,000.00
Les Closing Inventory (8000.00) (152 000.00)

Gross Profit 208 000.00
Less Expenses
Electricity 32 400.00
Salaries, wages 34 0000.00
Rent and Rates 80 000.00
Telephone 8 400.00
Other expenses 8 000.00
Depreciation Equipment 6 400.00
Depreciation – Fixtures 8 000.00
Depreciation – IT Equipment 4 000.00

(181 200.00)
Net profit 26 800.00

Statement of Financial position as at 31st December 2017 for Marvin & Smith’s Coffee Shops’
£ (Starting value) £ (Depreciation) £ (Ending value)
Non-Current Assets
Equipment 40,000 6,400 33,600
Fixtures and Fittings 40,000 8,000 32,000
IT Equipment 16,000 4,000 12,000
96,000 18,400 77,600
Current Assets
Inventory 8,000
Cash 27,400
35,400
Total Assets 113,000
Capital 100,000
Profit 26,800
Drawings (20,000) 6,800
106,800
Current Liabilities
Trade Payables 6,200
Total capital and liabilities 113,000

Notes
a. Hank and Patty raised the £100,000 capital through friends, family and personal loans. They each raised £50,000 b. The second shop opened after 6 months and the 3rd opened after 9 months. c. Coffee machines and associated equipment cost £5,000. Each shop has two machines d. IT Equipment includes all required Wi-Fi computers. e. The business currently has no formal loans or external debt

TASKS
Answer ALL of the following questions using credible reference sources for every question:
QUESTION 1
1. Austria (1995) 2. Belgium (1958) 3. Bulgaria (2007) 4. Croatia (2013) 5. Cyprus (2004) 6. Czech Republic (2004) 7. Denmark (1973) 8. Estonia (2004) 9. Finland (1995) 10. France (1958) 11. Germany (1958) 12. Greece (1981) 13. Hungary (2004) 14. Ireland (1973) 15. Italy (1958) 16. Latvia (2004) 17. Lithuania (2004) 18. Luxembourg (1958) 19. Malta (2004) 20. Netherlands (1958) 21. Poland (2004) 22. Portugal (1986) 23. Romania (2007) 24. Slovakia (2004) 25. Slovenia (2004) 26. Spain (1986) 27. Sweden (1995)

From the above list of countries which joined the EU on the stated dates above you are to discuss and conduct some initial research into which country could be the one to expand into and then mutually select ONE country that you think Marvin and Smith’s coffee shop should expand into. Justification for your choice of country must be given in relation to factors discussed in seminars and potentially revealed by your own research.
Note that you should assume for the purposes of this assignment that the Brexit negotiations will make no difference to the trading environment as it is at present.

(Approx. 500 words)
QUESTION 2
Present a tailored marketing mix in relation to the coffee shop expansion plan abroad to include:
– Product – tangible (physical goods) and intangible (customer experience). What are your Unique selling propositions(USPs) Price – outline and justify your choice of pricing strategy(s) • Place – justify your choice of physical location for the provision of your market offerings • Promotion – how are you going to raise awareness of your presence in your new market and encourage your target segment(s) to engage profitably with your market offerings

(Approx. 600 – 700 words).

QUESTION 3
For any TWO of the following, identify key factors Marvin and Smith should consider as they expand into an unfamiliar territory and show how arising issues or potential challenges may be interlinked and managed.

a. Human resources management b. Operations/logistics/supply chain management c. Finance and accounting d. Marketing
(Approx. 600 words)

QUESTION 4
Using the financial information presented above, calculate and evaluate how:
2 profitability and 2 liquidity ratios may influence decisions available to them. (Note: ratios will be discussed in detail in class so be sure not to miss that particular session). – what do they tell you about the current business? – evaluate how the calculated ratios influence decisions available to Hank and Marvin and what implications might they have for the expansion plan?

(Approx. 400 words)
QUESTION 5
Write a concluding summary about the overall viability of overseas expansion at this stage.
(Approx. 300 words)

Marking Schema All work will be marked according to the following marking schema:
1. Evidence of research (30%). Have you shown that you have researched around the subject, used appropriate references and have you made use of these sources to inform and enhance your answers? 2. Logical flow and application (20%). Have you addressed all the required points of the task in a logical and consistent manner, demonstrating some ability to apply theory to practice? 3. Explanation and Understanding (30%). Have you shown understanding of the wider business issues affecting Marvin and Smith’s Coffee Shop? Have you explained and justified your answers to an appropriate level? 4. Professionalism (20%). Is your work tidy and well laid out, with appropriate structure and standard of concise and effective written English? Have any diagrams and illustrations used been well chosen and correctly presented and is the work of appropriate length?

Note that you are expected to show you are ready and able to engage with a level 4 degree course so superficial answers will not be awarded pass marks. A good set of answers will therefore be well researched and presented, argued logically and effectively, using examples from credible sources to illustrate your points and referenced in line with the University of Roehampton’s Harvard Referencing guidelines.

Part I
Discuss the procedure of generating a random sample.
In your response post, cite several different methods that could be used in generating a random sample.
Which method would you employ? Why?
Part II
In designing a survey questionnaire, one concern to the designer is to avoid including survey questions that appear to be biased. Namely, a suggestion or hint cited in the question that may lead the responder to choosing one response over an alternative.
As an example, a survey was being developed to question the drinking preferences of a select sample of college students. The primary objective of the survey was to gain responses to the basic question, “Which do you prefer, milk or orange juice?” However, an experimental question included in the survey questionnaire was as follows: “Milk contains high levels of vitamin D and calcium. Do you prefer milk or orange juice?”
Would you consider this “experimental question” to be biased or unbiased? Explain your answer.
What about the following question?
“Do you think the unprecedented trillion-dollar federal deficit the Democrats are creating with their out-of-control spending is going to have disastrous consequences for our nation?”

Is the above question biased or unbiased? Why?
If you consider it to be biased, how would you change this question to an alternative unbiased form?
Part III
In your opinion, what is the value of a company conducting a sample survey vs. a survey on a population?
What are the managerial considerations that need to be addressed in relation to deciding on a sample survey to address issues related to things such as consumer preferences, when a company is planning on bringing a new product to market?
Part IV
Do some research on the internet in relation to what a Market Research Company does. Go to the following website: https://www.marketresearch.com/
Navigate through the above cited website and gain an understanding of what a Market Research Company does as well as the types of research that it compiles across a wide diversity of industries and respond to the following 3 questions before you respond to questions 1 – 6 below. If you do not gain a thorough understanding of what a market research company does, and why a company would benefit from contracting with them, then you are not in a position to present comprehensive responses to the 6 questions listed in this DB:
Why are the these big name companies defined on their opening page interested in contracting with this online market research company?
What is the draw for them? What can this market research company do that a company could not do for themselves?
Why would a given company not want to do the things that a market research company does?
On the basis of your understanding of what a market research company does, based on your review of the above provided website, respond to the following questions:(A comprehensive and detailed response is expected to the following questions)
1. What is a market research company and what services do they offer?
2. Would a company like Walmart consider using a market research company? Why?
3. What types of information would a company like Walmart be interested in gaining if they contract with a market research company?
4. Would it be financially feasible for Walmart to use a market research company to outsource their need for information? Why?
5. What entities within the Walmart organization would benefit by the use of a market research company?
6. What does the SBA say about a company doing market research. Cite their key points. (https://www.sba.gov/starting-business/how-start-business/understand-your-market)

1st article
Rao, J. K., Anderson, L. A., Lin, F.-C., & Laux, J. P. (2014). Completion of Advance Directives Among U.S. Consumers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(1), 65–70. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.09.008
2nd article
Erin L. Robinson, Becky Hart & Sara Sanders (2018): It’s okay to talk about death: Exploring the end-of-life wishes of healthy young adults, Death Studies, DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2018.1478913
https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2018.1478913

Please use these 2 articles for the Critique of two papers. Articles are attached.

Assignment:
What findings were generated? How do these findings extend what is known in the area? How do the findings relate to your own research? Is there a link that each study has with the other? If similar outcomes were measured then write about those together. In other words, begin a synthesis. The page limit is 7 pages of text (succinct and clear is the goal, not a particular number of pages). Please use APA format. Remember, this is not an annotated bibliography, do not write a summary of each study. It is a single paper that needs to unify ideas.

Here is a possible outline:
Introduction: What is the problem your are looking at?
Background and significance: Why does it matter?
Purpose: What is the specific clinical question you are trying to find information for? or the purpose of this synthesis?
Methods: How you found these two studies (your search strategy)
Findings: Synthesis of the findings, how do the findings support your clinical problem?
Preliminary Summary or Conclusion

Based on my specific Cell signaling area which is the TGF beta pathway, you will have to select a specific topic of recent research (2016-2018) (Published journal), within that area to propose design a short proposal (3 month study) of further experimental research based on the topic. Proposal Layout will be according to NIH Proposal Outline which will be attached below.
So basically you have to review recent scientific literature (2016-2018) on the TGF beta pathway, identify a gap in knowledge on the subject. Having identified the question that needs answering, we have to develop a hypothesis and design an experiment to test the hypothesis. This will be in the form of a grant proposal. Which has to follow the NIH guidelines for grant proposals. Which I will attach as a file. Please include all sources on the last page as a reference page!

Grading Rubric
-Introduction 8/20
-There is current and contemporary literature and/or practice related evidence included to support the REA.
-There is some justification of the benefits of an REA and why a response to the focused REA question is needed for practice yet also what appears to be results as well as some contradictory information is included as well as what appears to be results (see c comments p. 7 -9)

-Methods 8/20
-Mostly appropriate methodology for a REA based on the content of the module induction, although some of the description is grammatically awkward or unclear, which calls into question whether the methodology was implemented correctly.
-There is no inclusion or exclusion criteria stated.
-Some justification and presentation of evidence for decisions made in relation to the aims,objectives, resource and scope of the REA set out in chapter 1

-Results 5/20
– A somewhat logical presentation of results and evidence of the findings is present. Vague in places and detailed in others. Some details are not tied clearly to supporting an answer to the research question.

-It is not clear how common themes or topics in response to the REA question have been determined and how the results have been organized in relation to themes.

-The quality appraisal of the evidence is not included and in many places there are only general statements and claims about the evidence.

-Discussion 5/20
-Critical discussion and analysis of evidence in relation to the REA question and results is not evident.
-Critical discussion of the findings in relation to the current practice situation is missing.
-Introduces new data that doesn’t appear in the results section specifically.
-This section content is more results than anything else.

-Conclusion 4/10
-Acknowledgement the limitations of the REA process and findings presented
-Recommendations for practice, research or similar
-Summary and response to the REA question and aim

-Abstract, glossary, referencing, appropriate use of appendices, contents, structure 5/10

-Abstract included. Needs some grammatical and methodological clarifications. States a conclusion about women and more generally yet title is adults.

-There are many places that are lacking a logical flow.

References present with only minor formatting errors.

-General areas for commendation
The focus of the REA has relevance for practice especially as it relates to educating patients and answering their questions about exercise as an intervention for pre- and actual hypertension.
-General areas for improvement
There is an overall need to clarify the organization and flow of content.

There is an over use of superfluous words and phrases that often are not accurately used in relation to the content.

-Results need more detail in places and clear critique. Results need to be presented that will lead to answering your question. The discussion needs more focus on the critical analysis and synthesis of the results and what this then means for practice. This then leads into a conclusion and recommendations based on the overall quality of results.

Kind regards,

1. Assessment Presentation
When marking this assessment, the markers will also be looking for the following.
 Legible presentation.
 Good use of spelling, grammar and language throughout.
 Appropriate focus, meeting learning outcomes/assessment criteria.
 Logical progression and structure of arguments.
 Evidence of a range of relevant supporting reading.
 Use of accurate, evidence-based information to support the arguments made.
 Follow normal Academic Regulations in terms of Academic Offences, style and language.
 Use of the Harvard referencing style appropriately and include the references list.
 A declaration statement which says you have checked your Turnitin originality report and that you are certain that the work is your own (and has never been submitted for marking before by you, or anyone else).
 A statement that says you have maintained the confidentiality of clients/customers and persons associated with them, including colleagues and organisations.
You will note that most of these will have been incorporated within the marking criteria (on the previous page) and marks will have been allocated to them. Different modules will give different.
2. Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this learning, and this module, you will be able to:

1. Demonstrate the ability to work independently

2. Critically appraise evidence in relation to an area of practice

3. Specific Assessment Component Guidelines
Assessment description: Rapid Evidence Assessment (dissertation)

Assessment Component: Assessment weighting: Assessment limits: Assesses module learning outcome/s:
1 100% 9,000 words (see the word count guidance) 1 & 2

Detailed guidance
This will consist of an end of project report using an appropriate report format such as (detailed guidance will be provided through the taught component and supervision). More detailed guidance and the mark scheme can be found in an additional document in the assessment area. It is strongly advised that you follow this as your supervisor will use this to provide advice and award marks.

Marking scheme:

Introduction /20
– Use of high quality, current and contemporary literature and/or practice related evidence
– Clear justification of the benefits of an REA and why a response to the focused REA question is needed for practice

Methods /20
– Appropriate methodology for a REA based on the content of the module induction
– Justification and presentation of evidence for decisions made in relation to the aims, objectives, resource and scope of the REA set out in chapter 1

Results /20
– Logical presentation of results and evidence of the findings from each stage of the method presented in chapter 2
– Common themes or topics in response to the REA question have been extracted based on the data extraction method that was presented in chapter 2
– The quality appraisal of the evidence found

Discussion /20
– Critical discussion and analysis of evidence in relation to the REA question and results
– Critical discussion of the findings in relation to the current practice situation

Conclusion /10
– Acknowledgement the limitations of the REA process and findings presented
– Recommendations for practice, research or similar
– Summary and response to the REA question and aim

Abstract, glossary, referencing, appropriate use of appendices, contents, structure /10
– Logical flow of the topic throughout the work in relation to the original question, aims and objectives with a clear response to the question in the conclusion
– Appropriate use and high quality supporting information/documentation e.g. abstract

The grid below provides some further guidance on how marks are awarded. Any box with an ‘!’ indicates a failed piece of work even if you achieve more than 40% in other boxes.

4. Feedback, marking criteria and grading of your assessment
This section tells you how the marker will assess your work fairly. All markers aim for our feedback to be: timely, individual to you, helpful, empowering and manageable.
They will also offer you opportunities to discuss the marking criteria they intend to use, and the type of feedback they intend to give you. You should create a shared understanding of this with them and your peers during the course of the module. They may also give you opportunities to assess your own work and the work of your peers. Look out for these opportunities.
Assessment markers can give you feedback and allocate marks to you using a range of methods and tools that are appropriate to the specific module and assessment. The marker may make comments within your script (in bubbles) and may also give you written comments in the long box. They may give you a form of audio or video feedback.
When they give you feedback on your assessment, as a minimum, your marker will tell you:
• if and how you have met the relevant learning outcomes
• the areas within which you did well in this assessment (they will commend you)
• the areas you could have improved in this assessment (they will make suggestions)
• what activities you can work on to help you in your next studies (you can take these ideas forward with you, and may discuss them with your Personal Tutor. You can also build them into your Action Planning.
In this module specifically, they will use the following tools. This feedback and marking structure will be specific to each component as relevant to these.

Essay Two Requirements Outline
The first paragraph of your essay’s introduction should provide an overview of research on the topic
relating to happiness that your essay will address. Explain what researchers and experts in the field seem
to agree upon concerning the relationship between happiness and the other factor you have researched.
Briefly explain any key terms or concepts important to understanding this scholarly conversation.
The second paragraph of this essay’s introduction should identify and explain aspects of the topic
that reputable researchers do NOT all agree upon. This paragraph must document a controversy
relating to happiness by explicitly citing at least two reputable sources in which experts who study and
write about the subject take differing positions on the issue. A “reputable” source in this context means
one that would be considered acceptable within the academic community. Your sources should either be
written by happiness researchers or accurately summarize the views of happiness researchers. Your twoparagraph
introduction should present an overview of the scholarly conversation on the issue, with the
first paragraph explaining factors that researchers do agree upon and the second paragraph identifying
major points of debate or ongoing research and describing the controversy in enough detail so that other
students in our class who have not read the sources can understand the controversy and evaluate your
essay’s arguments. The introduction should end with a debatable thesis statement that summarizes
your own position on the controversy.
Body Paragraphs—Writer has a clear principle for organizing the essay’s body paragraphs, and each
body paragraph focuses upon a different topic. Essay’s body paragraphs are unified and fully
developed, and each begins with a debatable topic sentence. The remainder of each paragraph cites
concrete evidence and examples (WITH PAGE NUMBERS) to support the claim made in its topic
sentence. Body paragraphs should NOT be organized around the four sources that the writer has
selected and should not focus upon summarizing the four sources.
Body Paragraphs stay directly focused on persuading readers of the validity of the writer’s position on
the controversy by presenting evidence such as statistics, study results, expert testimony, etc., combined
with convincing explanations of the significance and relevance of such evidence. Comment on factors
such as the size and design of the studies, the researchers’ credentials, etc.
Writer devotes at least one paragraph to acknowledging, fairly stating and explaining, and refuting
opposing viewpoints.
If the controversy that the writer describes involves a topic such as the relationship between happiness and faith or
religion, the evidence in the essay is based upon objective, research-based evidence for any such relationship, not
upon specific religious beliefs or articles of faith or quotations from the Bible, the Koran, or any other sacred text.
Other
Essay cites 4-5 sources. At least three of these sources must be from Academic Search Premier or another
subscription database available on the AU Libraries’ website. At least 3 sources must be from 2006 or later and
at least one of these from 2014 or later. Not more than one of the four required sources appears on our class’s
Canvas. (Writer must identify at least three sources on his or her own but can have more than four sources if he or
she desires.)
Essay must use at least four direct quotes and four paraphrases and be written in the THIRD PERSON
Essay should be 5 pages in length (excluding the “Works Cited”), using a 12-point, Times New Roman font, oneinch
margins on all sides, and DOUBLE SPACING
Not more that 22% (as a maximum) of the words in the essay (excluding the “Works Cited”) may be direct quotations.

Post 1
Morbidity is another term for illness. A person can have several co-morbidities simultaneously. So, morbidities can range from Alzheimer’s disease to cancer to traumatic brain injury. Morbidities are NOT deaths. Prevalence is a measure often used to determine the level of morbidity in a population. Morbidity is the condition of being ill, diseased, or unhealthy. This can include acute illnesses (which have a sudden onset and improve or worsen in a short period), as well as chronic illnesses (which can present and progress slowly over a long period). An example of an acute illness can be the flu, a broken arm, or a heart attack. Chronic illnesses are more like diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), or cancer. A person can live for several years with one or more morbidities. One morbidity may lead to another morbidity. Morbidity (CDC, 2016).
Mortality, on the other hand, is the condition of being dead. One usually hears of mortality in terms of the number of deaths in a population over time, either in general or due to a specific cause. It is important to recognize that morbidities may or may not lead to mortality. As an example, one could have terminal lung cancer but died of injuries after a road accident.
CDC, 2014). Knowing the morbidity and mortality rates can help in treatment plan development and health promotion and disease prevention programs. Actions will be taken to reduce or eliminate exposure to risks that might increase the chances that an individual or group will incur disease, disability, or premature death. Once morbidity and mortality have been identified, preventive efforts can result in more appropriate utilization of health services and improvements in health status. Primary prevention refers to efforts to eliminate health or functional problems at their source – that is preventing their occurrence. Procedures, such as immunizations, improving nutritional status, and increasing physical fitness and emotional well-being may be implemented to reduce the incidence of disease or render a population at risk not vulnerable to that risk.
Both concepts can be applied at the individual level or across a population. For example, a morbidity rate looks at the incidence of a disease across a population and/or geographic location during a single year. The mortality rate is the rate of death in a population. The two are often used together to calculate the prevalence of a disease — e.g., measles — and how likely that disease is to be deadly, particularly for certain demographics (Diffen, 2016).

Post 2
Morbidity is related to sickness/disease and can be applied to an individual or population in form of a morbidity rate. Mortality is related to death and the rate varies depending on geographic location, wealth, incidence of illness, age, and many other factors. Gathering reliable statistical data for morbidity and mortality rates can be difficult especially when reporting standards are poor. Although, collecting this statistical data is worthwhile as it is beneficial to leading to improving quality of life and preventing premature deaths (WHO, 2018).
According to a WHO report, 56.9 million global deaths in 2016, 40.5 million, or 71% were due to noncommunicable diseases. Mortality is often connected to infectious diseases and pregnancy/childbirth. In other areas cancer and cardiovascular illness may largely affect the older populations. It is possible for disease that have a high morbidity rate to have a low mortality, or vice versa and the rates may change (WHO, 2018). For example, HIV/AIDS spread rapidly during the 1980’s and had a high mortality rate but today we see decreased mortality rates due to the disease. With the use of documented morbidity and mortality rates, including the causes/spread, in the 1980’s and 1990’s great HIV prevention education and healthcare were developed. Today, both the mortality and morbidity rates have decreased tremendously as a result of successful prevention strategies. Although in less fortunate areas including area with decreased health literacy the spread of HIV is still a concern and mortality rates remain increased. Disease prevention and health promotion are the main goals of public health, a multidisciplinary field that focuses on population and communities, rather than individuals.
Reduction of morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life is an ongoing challenge for providers, organizations, and public health practitioners (Aschengrau & Seage, 2014).
Morbidity has a gainful benefit to study when developing health promotion strategies. As I stated previous a huge percentage of deaths are caused by noncommunicable disease. A major component of burden of illness for many individuals derive from chronic diseases. Therefore, to impact this burden preventative healthcare strategies specific to increased morbidity rate. The goals of prevention focus on prevalent disease which include attenuating the progression of morbidity, the development of disability, and the incidence of illness. Ultimately, maximizing the quality of life (Fried & Bush, 2008).

Post 3
What are the estimates showing where the United States ranked on infant mortality compared to other developed countries?

Explore the effects of technology on society. With children glued to handheld gaming devices and teenagers and adults staring constantly at their phones, what is happening to how we communicate, think, and process reality? How are people’s relationships and behaviors shifting? Are people becoming more impatient and less sympathetic with others? Are children learning to think deeply, or are they becoming less able to critically analyze information? Are human relationships expanding or becoming more shallow?
Here are the guidelines:

1. MLA style (-10 for improper MLA heading, header, margins, font, and spacing)

2. 4 to 5 pages (Note the length difference. Two-paged papers should not expect a passing grade.)

3. Third person only (Use of the first or second person will be docked.)

4. Absolutely NO outside sources. Do NOT use the Internet. The entire paper should come solely from your thoughts.

5. Due Sunday 10/14/18 at 11:30 p.m. -10 for each day late.

Your paper will either be a definition piece or a cause/effect piece.

Remember, you will be graded HEAVILY on organization, so please use an outline. Have a clear thesis in the introduction, transitions throughout the paper, and clearly defined subtopics. Make sure everything comes together to prove one dominant idea (the thesis).

For definition papers, you are to help your reader see this term or concept from various angles and in a fresh light. (Please don’t put the dictionary meaning into the paper.)

If you are not defining a term or concept, then you are examining the causes or effects of something. You can do one or the other, or you can do both. Stay focused, though. Explore the deeply rooted causes of something. Or, explore the long-term effects of something.

Try not to argue. You’re providing intelligent, balanced information. You’re not ranting or trying to prove morality (which is ridiculously hard to do). Keep the language professional (and in third person).

Lastly, don’t try to write about what you do not know. For example, if you have never gone through depression and do not know someone intimately who has, that is probably not the best topic for you. Papers based on pure speculation and conjecture rarely come out well (and they’re usually pretty frustrating to write).