i am attaching the resources and annotated bibliography on the additional files so have to do the paper from that additional file. Just need to write the paper no research. Research is already done
Students will submit an 8-10-page finished paper and attach their annotated bibliography and title page. The bibliography and title page do not count toward the page requirement.
Role of Women in the US Military: Annotated Bibliography
1. Duncanson, Claire, and Rachel Woodward. “Regendering the military: Theorizing women’s military participation.” Security dialogue 47, no. 1 (2016): 3-21.
The article discusses theorization of women participation in the military and its effect of the security services that the military offers. The United States has undergone a contemporary military transformation which includes the female participation. According to the article, the military has feminized part of its theories to allow full participation of women in different military ranks. The article provides a brief overview of the debates and decisions which have resulted in the full incorporation of women in the military. It also discusses the UN resolution 1325 which entailed the promise and limitation of gender in security institutions. The article also argues that the participation of women in the team does not affect the delivery of services in the institutions. Rather, the incorporation if women in the military has led to the feminist theorizing of different processes, which increases participation and achievement of feminist goals. Participation of women in the military has also contributed to the achievement of the goals of gender equality, justice, and peace.
The article is relevant because it examines the change in military policies which integrated women in the army. For instance, they were not allowed to take up combat missions on the ground until the military policies were repealed. Therefore, the article provides an insight of how feminist theorization of policies has increased the scope of female participation in the military.
2. King, Anthony C. “The female soldier.” Parameters43, no. 2 (2013): 13.
The article explores female participation in the military since the 1970s. It cites some common conflicts in which women notably participated, which include peace-keeping and terrorist fighting missions in Iraq and Afghanistan in which some women serves at the combat frontline. The introduction of competence as the only factor of consideration for recruitment into the all-volunteer professional forces. According to the Anthony, female soldiers can perform competently in any military role thus their wide acceptance in the military that has been witnessed today. However, there are different limitations in the military which hinder female participation such as infantry and strict selection criteria which happened hinder female participation. They are also objects of discrimination and abuse, and harassment.
According to the article, the interest of women in participating in defense and security was welcomed in the United State and their population is increasing since their free entry into the military. Even if the integration of women in the army faced and still faces numerous setbacks, the number of women in the army has significantly increased. Among the setbacks identified by the article is the perception that the male members of the army will have to do more when they are assigned a mission with female soldiers to compensate their physical weaknesses. Those who oppose women participation in the army regard it as a humiliation on the side of male counterparts and corrosion of the bond between the male soldiers. Also, the article argues that women are physically weak and cannot perform combat responsibilities besides the claim that they undermine the cohesiveness between the male soldiers. Besides, commanders and others in authority tend to be too lenient when handling female soldiers and thus do not apply the blind standards for all the soldiers, which should be the case.
3. Murdoch, Maureen, Arlene Bradley, Susan H. Mather, Robert E. Klein, Carole L. Turner, and Elizabeth M. Yano. “Women and war.” Journal of general internal medicine 21, no. 3 (2006): S5-S10.
The article explored the roles of women in the army. According to the article, the population of women in the army is almost 1.7 million. However, it has been established that they lack proper psychological counselling care as veterans considering that their experience in the military comes with adverse physical and psychological outcomes whose trauma follows the long after they exit the military. The role of women can be clearly understood through the consideration of instances in which women significantly contributed to the military power and achievement, such as the War of Independence. However, the article considers female veterans to have a health challenge after their service in the military. Few clinicians understand their situation, thus dealing with them becomes less effective because their historical context is not properly known.
Therefore, the article is relevant to the topic because veterans, like any other patients, require physicians to understand historical context of the patient before they can take effective medical interventions on the patient. It is therefore important for physicians to understand the contribution of women to the military and the challenges that they encounter in the period of their service that may affect their psychological and physical health.
4. Burrelli, David F. “Women in combat: Issues for Congress.” LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, 2013.
In the article, David states that the service of women in the military has been embraced in the recent years with more women taking up combat operations. More than 299 548 female soldiers have undertaken contingency operations in countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan with about eight hundred of them getting wounded and about a hundred and thirty getting killed. From the Department of Defense’s statistics referred in the article, women are recognized for heroism which has expanded their roles in US armed forces by law. Initially, the DOD had banned women from serving in ground combat units because they would not be esteemed to engage in direct ground combats. They were therefore, banned from infantry, armor, artillery, and special operations for battalions. However, the ability of women to prove equally able to deliver in missions led to the ban being lifted in 2013, making them eligible to serve in any mission. However, there are exclusionary policies in the military which had to be changed to ensure that women are fully incorporated the army. For instance, they have been allowed to take up leadership positions in the army. The contrary, fully incorporation of women in the military has attracted different opinions from people including the possible impact on army readiness and the civic roles of women.
The article is relevant because it outline the progress that has been achieved in the women incorporation in the army, which include being sent on contingency regions like Afghanistan and Iraq as well as taking leadership positions. The article also clears the doubt that women can be flexible members of battalions and execute on-ground combat missions like their male counterparts. Therefore, it is clear that gender discrimination and prejudice have valid grounds in the military since women have already proven to be heroic and loyal just like men.
5. Mattocks, Kristin M., Sally G. Haskell, Erin E. Krebs, Amy C. Justice, Elizabeth M. Yano, and Cynthia Brandt. “Women at war: Understanding how women veterans cope with combat and military sexual trauma.” Social science & medicine74, no. 4 (2012): 537-545.
The article examines the effect of contingency missions on American female veterans. It give particular attention to how veterans were affected by the Afghanistan and Iraq missions, which caused military sexual trauma caused by harassment and sexual assault while in service. It has been established that little is known concerning to the coping of veterans after they return from deployment. In an interview with female veterans, sexual assault is a prevalent challenge that they face when they are deployed and happen to be major stressors when they come back. Separation from their families also stresses them while on missions. Therefore, the article recommends use of behavioral and cognitive comping resources to manage female veteran stress.
The article is relevant to the topic because given the integration of women in the military, there are numerous challenges which can affect their experience and delivery of services. Such factors include discrimination, harassment, sexual assault, and violence which stress them during and after deployment. Therefore, attending to the stressors would improve the quality of services rendered by female soldiers to their unit and their job satisfaction.
6. Patten, Eileen, and Kim Parker. Women in the US military: Growing share, distinctive profile. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2011.
The article explores the differences between male and female soldiers. Female soldiers are less likely to be married and majority of them are black. Majority of the female soldiers are less likely to have undertaken critical missions in their service. However, they are less different from their male counterparts and thus can perform any post or hold any office in the military. Both male and female encounter almost similar challenges like that of coping after return from deployment. According to the article, the end of conscription and establishment of an all-volunteer force has significantly increased women participation in the military since 1973. The women share has increased up to 14 percent while that of commissioned officers has increased up to 16 percent.
The report reveals that the population of female soldiers has increased significantly between 1973 and 2010. While the number of female soldiers has reduced significantly, the number of women holding ranks in the military have increased significantly making 15 percent of the military ranks to be held by female officers. The report also indicates that female soldiers are racially diverse as compared to male officers. Women on active duty are more likely to marry their colleagues as compared male soldiers while majority of the female soldiers are not married. Only 15 percent of active veterans have ever served in a combat and thus, the combat exposure of women. Among the factors that have increased women exposure to combats in service is the change in military policies which was a major topic of discussion beforehand. Women are also more likely to experience strained family relations while on service as compared to male soldiers.
This article is relevant to the topic because it explores the demographics of women participation in the military and how their service has improved with integration in the army. The article analyzes the difference between the female and male soldiers which forms the basis for selection and recruitment in the military. Women join the military while they are not married ushering in an opportunity for sexual harassment and assault in service, which is part of the challenged that female soldier’s encounter in their service.
Bibliography
Burrelli, David F. “Women in combat: Issues for Congress.” LIBRARY OF CONGRESS WASHINGTON DC CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, 2013.
Duncanson, Claire, and Rachel Woodward. “Regendering the military: Theorizing women’s military participation.” Security dialogue 47, no. 1 (2016): 3-21.
King, Anthony C. “The female soldier.” Parameters43, no. 2 (2013): 13.
Mattocks, Kristin M., Sally G. Haskell, Erin E. Krebs, Amy C. Justice, Elizabeth M. Yano, and Cynthia Brandt. “Women at war: Understanding how women veterans cope with combat and military sexual trauma.” Social science & medicine74, no. 4 (2012): 537-545.
Murdoch, Maureen, Arlene Bradley, Susan H. Mather, Robert E. Klein, Carole L. Turner, and Elizabeth M. Yano. “Women and war.” Journal of general internal medicine 21, no. 3 (2006): S5-S10.
Patten, Eileen, and Kim Parker. Women in the US military: Growing share, distinctive profile. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center, 2011.
