Purpose of the paper is to research a theoretical model of practice (Theoretical model must be chosen from the Corey text in Chapter 4-14). Student will acquire in-depth knowledge of the model enabling student to apply to their intervention portfolio client.
Required areas to cover are: origins of the model (30%), components (parts/description) of the model (30%), and common applications of the model (examples of model in use with clinical issues) (30%), title and reference page (10%)
Student may include other information as well. Theoretical model must be chosen from the Corey text in Chapter 4-14. Additional research on the model can be obtained from academic peer reviewed journals. Please visit the library to obtain information on how to research peer reviewed journals if you are not familiar with the process of reviewing peer reviewed journals.

Formatting requirements:
• Title page; Reference page
• APA style
• 5 sources (at least) – peer-reviewed articles or books (text/readings can be one resource)
• Headings
• 8-10 page body (does not include title & reference page)

Ratio Analysis. To this point, information conveyed by the financial statements has been used to develop a picture of the organizations fiscal status and financial operating results. As a next analytical step, generally accepted financial ratios will be calculated for the purpose of going beyond detail contained in the facility’s audited financial statements. The intent of this analysis is to gain additional detail about the fiscal status of the organization. To this end, the following area and ratios have been determined as well as their respective benchmarks:

Assignment. Your primary task is to calculate each ratio passed on financial results show on your adopted facility’s audited statements. Also, at the outset, you are to provide a solid definition of profitability in the space provided. This paragraph will serve as a foundation for the rest of your work on this assignment.

To receive credit it is essential that you show your work for each ratio. Once you’ve determined each ratio, it is important to provide an interpretative summary for each ratio in the space provided. Once all of the ratios have been calculated and interpreted, you are asked to provide a summary review of your organization’s profitability status.

I. Profitability Definition. (10 points) You definition of profitability should be comprehensive in nature and reflect an understanding of what profitability tells about an organization’s performance.

II. Profitability Ratio Analysis

a. The profitability ratio – Total Margin. Total margin or the Profit margin is calculated as a ratio of Net income to Total revenue. (5 points)

Total Margin = Total net income/Total revenue
Net operating income =
Net non-operating income =
Total net income =
Operating revenue =
Non-operating revenue =
Total revenue =
Total margin =
Total margin =
Industry average = 5.0%

Interpretation Summary. (5 points)

b. The profitability ratio – Operating Margin. The Operating margin is calculated as the ratio of Net operating income to Total operating revenue. (5 points)

Operating Margin = Net operating income/Total operating revenue
Net operating income =
Total operating revenue =
Operating margin =
Operating margin =
Industry average = 3.1%

Interpretation Summary. (5 points)

c. The profitability ratio – Return on Assets (ROA) (5 points)

ROA = Total Net income/Total assets
Total Net income =
Total assets =
ROA =
Industry Average = 4.8%

Interpretation Summary. (5 points)

d. The profitability ratio – Return on Equity (ROE) (5 points)

ROE = Total Net income/Total equity
Total Net income =
Total equity =
ROE =
Industry average = 8.0%

Interpretation Summary. (5 points)

Overall Profitability Summary. (10 points)

Your low stakes writing assignment is to answer some questions about an art historical video. In this video, Dr. Nigel Spivey presents the Audience Hall (known as the Apadana) of the large, multi-ethnic, ancient Persian empire as it may have been in 500 BCE. (Persia is in modern day Iran). This Audience Hall is in Persepolis, the capital of the Persian empire which was ruled in 500 BCE by King Darius I. My questions will guide you through the video and you’ll be able to write your own point of view at the end.
You can write on notebook paper or type. It doesn’t matter. Just answer the questions in a few sentences as and after you watch the videos.
Start watching this video at 6 minutes 35 seconds in: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1W53hlXq5bc&list=PLCD509722865B8E7B. It starts with “Kingdoms were growing in size.”
When that is done, watch this video and then stop after 6 minutes and 5 seconds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NElw01Bo8Cg&index=3&list=PLCD509722865B8E7B
Questions
1. Why was it challenging for King Darius I to communicate messages to his entire empire?

2. Why did ambassadors throughout the empire go to King Darius’ Audience Hall once a year?

3. Why would it have mattered to the ambassadors that they would have seen relief sculptures of different conquered peoples in different national costumes? What might this international diversity have communicated to them?

4. Why does Spivey refer to art as “the international language of images”? What advantage did visual art have over language in the Persian empire?

5. What, according to Nigel Spivey, is the one message that the ambassadors would have taken with them as they returned home? (You can quote him here.)

6. What is on Darius’ billboard? What is the symbolism of the bowman or the archer?

7. According to Spivey, what kind of representation did Darius I invent? What are some other, more contemporary examples of this?

8. As you’ve seen, Spivey ultimately argues that King Darius’ empire was about “peace and cooperation” as opposed to domination. At one point in the video he says, “no scenes of war or retribution; they [meaning the king’s subjects] are happy to honor Darius.” Look at slides 13 through 15 in the “Ancient Near East” Powerpoint (click on “Content” and then “Lectures” to find it). Do you agree with Spivey’s interpretation of these reliefs? Was Darius necessarily as open-minded and tolerant as Spivey makes him out to be? There is no correct answer here. I am curious about your opinion. Relate your opinion to the visual characteristics of the reliefs on the slides and in the video.

Staying within your chosen topic (The topic: The relation between teacher education and student achievement in math.
The research questions:
1) What factors are important for a teacher to have to be considered a quality teacher?
2) What are teacher education programs doing to ensure that the pre-service teachers who go through their programs come out as quality teachers?)

–Look and Modify the adult consent form (Attached) (for interviewees 18 and older)
—Modify the “recorded media addendum to informed consent” consent form(Attached).
—Create an interview tool consisting of a minimum of five open-ended questions. Remember, the questions need to be in line with your research questions. Your questions need to include introductory/demographic items which you will use to describe the participants and open-ended questions (not ones that can be answered with a simple “yes” or “no”). Again the introductory questions/demographic questions will help the interviewee loosen up before the interview and also will get the researcher/interviewer to get to know the interviewee better.
— Select a research participant who you will interview for about 30 minutes to 45 minutes.
— If you tape record the interview, please make sure that you have disclosed your intention as stated in the consent form before audio recording. As a precaution, make sure you double-check your recording device to make sure it works before you start the interview!
If you don’t tape record the interview, take extensive notes (remember recording is the best option as you tend not to miss the important points; However, make sure your interviewee is comfortable and gives you the permission to audio-record).
—At the end of the interview, you will transcribe the interview verbatim (word for word).
— Transcription is the first stage of analysis.
— Submit the transcript of the interview as well as your analysis and interpretation from the interview (trends/patterns in the transcript) as they relate to the research questions posed in the study .
See samples of Interview, Transcription, & Analysis Assignment (3 sample attached.)
Note: The methodology as the plan is to use a qualitative design and not a quantitative design.

Literature Review Present your review of the literature on your topic and provide the argument for the exploration of your question. The review must include both seminal and current references that focus on the research you are conducting. Begin with a broad description and discussion of the topic and become more focused as you narrow your argument towards your research question. The last part of your literature review focuses on most salient aspect/research that has been conducted in your specific area of research. Do not present individual papers. It is a synthesis of ideas from past research; this builds the argument about the gap in the literature. Include information about strengths and weaknesses of past research while you discuss your research ideas/choices. Delineate your critical examination of past research. Make statements that state this (e.g. how this particular phenomenon has been/has not been investigated). Include methodologies that have been used to study this phenomenon in other research, and critique the strengths and weaknesses of these studies. Conclude your literature review with your research question(s). State clearly “As a result of this review, the questions that propelled this study were…” You need to explain your rationale for choosing the question you did. You must build a relevant argument in the literature review before you get to this last section.
********The question that propelled the study: Undergraduate education programs are not inclusive of the extensive digital training needed to integrate technology in the classroom.

Digital Influencers
Jen Hsieh is a college student with a love for fashion who shares outfits and fashion sense on Jennifhsieh, her fashion blog. Her social influence earned her an invitation to Kate Spade’s New York fashion week presentation, after which she blogged, “I had to keep myself from drooling” when describing the collection. Digital influencers like Jen are often paid to write product reviews on their blogs and to post pictures of themselves on sites such as Pinterest and Instagram wearing clothes given to them by the sponsor. Some are given all-expenses-paid trips to events. For example, Olivia Lopez, a personal-style blogger with a site called Lust for Life, was invited by Samsung to the South by Southwest and Lollapalloza music festivals and provided a phone with which to post pictures for her 90,000 Instagram followers. The hashtag “#thenextbigthing,” which is used in Samsung’s product promotions, was included in her posts. Otherwise, Olivia included no indication that Samsung provided sponsorship.
5-9. Find an example of a blog on a topic that interests you. Are there advertisements on the blog? Does the blogger appear to be sponsored by any companies? Is there in- formation regarding sponsorship? Write a brief report of your observations.
5-10. Summarize the FTC’s disclosure rules on using social media to promote products and services. Does the blogger you reviewed in the previous question follow these rules? Explain.

Case 1 FedEx: Making Every Customer Experience Outstanding
When you have a package that absolutely must arrive at a distant location within 24 hours, what’s the first company that comes to mind? More than likely, it’s FedEx. Just as Google is used as a verb for Internet search, FedEx is often synonymous with overnight shipping, as in “I’ll FedEx it to you.” From its humble beginnings in 1971, FedEx has grown into a $46-billion-a-year global giant. Every day, 325,000 FedEx employees deliver 11 million packages via 673 aircraft and 100,000 motor vehicles, connecting more than 99 percent of world’s GDP. How did FedEx become so successful? Through its single-minded focus on the customer experience.
Starting with a Customer
Need Even in this era when Internet start-ups get all the press for amazing entrepreneurial stories, FedEx still stands as one of the greatest business success stories of the past 40 years. It all started in the 1960s when Fred Smith, FedEx’s founder and current chairman and CEO, was an undergraduate student at Yale, paying his way through school working as a charter pilot. As he crossed paths with corporate pilots, the young Smith saw a trend emerging. Computers and other high-tech components were rapidly finding their way into the business world. But when those things broke down, companies had difficulty getting urgently needed parts to the right places quickly. There were no services for regional or national overnight shipping. In fact, companies often used their own corporate planes as internal courier systems—at great expense—to cart around parts in an effort to minimize downtime. Smith wrote a paper for an economics class at Yale, pro- posing the idea of a national overnight-delivery service (reportedly, the professor gave him a C on the paper, calling the idea infeasible). But it wasn’t until after college and a tour of duty in the Marine Corps that Smith decided to actually do something about the idea. Smith knew that the need for businesses to move packages fast would only grow with time. With that insight, the FedEx Corporation (Federal Express back then) was born, with eight aircraft providing overnight delivery service to 35 cities.
Putting the Customer First
More than just a good idea at the right time, one thing has kept FedEx growing and thriving over the past four decades. From the beginning, FedEx was built on a foundation of obsessive customer focus. “If people were going to use FedEx in lieu of having incalculable amounts of money tied up in inventories, it ‘absolutely, positively’ had to be there when promised,” said Smith in a recent interview. Hence came FedEx’s first positioning slogan—FedEx: When it absolutely, positively has to be there overnight. To ensure that FedEx could deliver on that promise, Smith pursued the goal with a “no holds barred” vigor. He began FedEx with a nationwide clearinghouse infrastructure and its own fleet of planes and trucks, giving the company complete control. But while complex and expensive, those attributes were conventional. It was the unconventional elements that characterized the boundless pursuit of customer service that formed the core of the FedEx brand. For example, when FedEx first started shipping packages, no one had ever printed “multiform, sequentially numbered” labels that could be attached to items and machine-read. And no other shipper had even contemplated using small, hand-held computers with barcode-scanning capabilities to communicate shipping information on a real-time basis. No company was tracking inventory on the move, let alone coordinating it with stationary inventory. It was these kinds of innovative capabilities that allowed Smith and FedEx to reliably move packages from one city to another in such a short time. These technologies not only made FedEx’s service possible, they also gave rise to companies such as Walmart, Dell, and countless others. The tenacious pursuit of fulfilling customer needs in FedEx’s early days led to what is known at the company today as the “Purple Promise,” a promise committed to memory by every FedEx employee: “I will make every FedEx experience outstanding.” Fulfilling this promise requires elements of good service, such as treating “customers in a professional, competent, polite, and caring manner” and handling “every customer transaction with the precision required to achieve the highest quality service.” But the Purple Promise goes far beyond traditional service. It requires all employees, regardless of their job titles, to recognize that what they do affects how customers perceive the FedEx brand. Consider how FedEx fixed the problem of its “leaning tower of packages.” For years, FedEx management thought of the majority of customers at its World Service Centers and FedEx Office locations as “Frisbees”—customers who step in, drop off packages, and step back out as quickly as possible. Management also thought it was doing a good job of serving these customers. However, recently, company satisfaction surveys began to reveal that not all customers were pleased with their experiences when dropping off packages. FedEx quickly commissioned a study, which revealed that only about 10 percent of its drop-off customers were, in fact, “Frisbees.” The other 90 percent fell evenly into three different behavioral groups. The most intriguing of these groups was the “Confirmers.” In a word, Confirmers were “uneasy.” They entered a FedEx location well-prepared, with packages wrapped and ready to go. They had a clear sense of how much shipments would cost and how long they would take to deliver. Still, as they dropped off packages, they were filled with worry that something could go wrong with the shipment. That worry was compounded by the “leaning tower of packages”—FedEx-speak for the piles of packages already stacked behind the counter. For employees, there was no concern in the world that these packages would reach their destination on time. For the Confirmers, however, seemingly haphazard piles of packages sent a visual cue that something in the process was broken, increasing the chances that their packages might get lost. These uneasy customers were on the verge of taking their shipping business elsewhere. FedEx’s Purple Promise drove the company to make a simple, system-wide change that put the minds of Confirmers at ease. The company placed a wall behind the counter with five presort windows. Employees were then trained to thank the customer, turn around, and slip the package through the window that corresponded to the type of service the customer had purchased. For the Confirmers, this careful and organized processing of packages was a visible confirmation that packages were safely on their way.
The Purple Promise Today
A customer-centric culture requires that a company be flexible and dynamic, modifying its strategies and tactics to fit consumer trends. One example of how FedEx remains open to customer- centered change is the degree to which it has embraced social media. At FedEx, the customer service function is responsible for delighting customers through excellent and timely service. Given the omnipresence of mobile devices and social media in consumers’ lives these days, the customer service function at FedEx often pursues the goal of delighting customers through social channels, including social networks such as Facebook and Twitter, blogs, and live chat. Marketing through social and mobile media is all the rage these days. But at FedEx, it’s more action than talk. And FedEx goes beyond just listening to customers; it engages them and helps solve their problems. Take the example of Nicole Snow, a now-loyal FedEx customer who owns a small business in Maine called “Darn Good Yarn.” [Nicole Snow] is in a remote area with few shipping options, and extreme weather makes running her home business more difficult. One day she reached out to FedEx on social networks and asked for help in getting her supply chain set up. The team responded immediately and helped her solve the problem. Snow’s story is fascinating. She hires women in India and Nepal to make yarn out of reclaimed materials like silk. She is nurturing a supply chain that reaches halfway across the globe as well as sourcing from local businesses in Maine. She is highly engaged in the community through activities like teaching knit- ting classes. “I take materials that otherwise would be thrown out in India and Nepal and import them into Maine and then FedEx them all over the world to my customers. I know that I can get something from India and to my house in the middle of Maine in three days. That’s amazing!” Snow is now a huge FedEx fan and advocate. She shares stories of excellent FedEx support every- where she goes.
Chinks in the Armor
Despite FedEx’s obsessive customer focus, with 11 million packages flying all over the planet every day, there are bound to be some glitches now and then. And while social media have been a tremendous blessing, they can also be a curse. In the past few years, FedEx has had its share of videos go viral showing employees mishandling packages. For example, there’s the one of a Maryland FedEx driver, captured by the resident’s security camera, throwing a package onto a front porch from a distance of about 20 feet. Then there’s the FedEx truck driving down a Colorado highway two days before Christmas with its rear door wide open and packages falling out onto the highway. And who can forget the FedEx driver who tossed a package containing a Samsung computer monitor over a six-foot iron fence onto a customer’s driveway, with the FedEx truck clearly visible in the background. As if employees caught on video aren’t bad enough, a Philadelphia FedEx driver was caught stealing iPhones out of customers’ packages. He was charged, tried, and found guilty to the tune of $40,000 worth of stolen merchandise. On a corporate level, FedEx was caught overcharging some business customers by as much as $3 per package over a three-year period. The company settled the ensuing lawsuit for $21.5 million. Although none of these actions are justifiable, the fallout would have been far worse had it not been for similar bad press for competitor UPS, including videos of drivers throwing pack- ages, making obscene gestures at a security camera, and even stealing iPads off porches (delivered by FedEx, no less). In FedEx’s case, the company took responsibility when it needed to, fired offending employees, and made restitution for dam- ages. In the case of the Samsung monitor–throwing incident, the aggrieved customer even received a personal visit and apology from FedEx’s senior vice president of operations. “This goes directly against all FedEx values,” declared the executive. Today, FedEx continues to focus on its goal to “make every FedEx experience outstanding.” According to one recent company statement, “Everyone at FedEx is committed to placing customer needs at the center of everything we do.” The pledge seems to receive more than just lip service. FedEx routinely ranks among the top 10 of both MSN Money’s “Customer Service Hall of Fame” and Fortune’s “World’s Most Admired Companies.” With founder Fred Smith still at the helm after more than 40 years, it appears that FedEx intends to be around for the long haul by putting customers first.
Case Discussion format
• Brief Background
• Answer Questions for Discussion below
• Conclusion form the case
• Lessons learned from the analyzing this case
• Should be 2-3 pages long
Questions for Discussion
1. Give examples of needs, wants, and demands that FedEx customers demonstrate, differentiating these three concepts.
2. Describe FedEx in terms of the value it provides customers. How does FedEx engage customers?
3. Evaluate FedEx’s performance relative to customer expectations. What is the outcome of this process?
4. Which of the five marketing management orientations best applies to FedEx? 5. With increased competition today, how can FedEx continue to be competitive?

Chapter Questions – Should be at least 2 paragraphs
5-1. Discuss the stages of the consumer buyer decision process and describe how you or your family used this process to make a purchase
5-3. How does the market structure and demand faced by business marketers differ from that faced by consumer marketers?

The two characters from Greek mythology, Prometheus, a forgotten Titan, and Perseus, Zeus’s mortal son, are renowned for their actions and superhuman strength. But while Perseus is remembered and rewarded for his actions, Prometheus is punished and his creation is tormented. What accounts for these two characters’ disparate fates? Why is Perseus remembered and valorized for his actions in a way that Prometheus is not? Is Perseus a greater hero than Prometheus? Does Prometheus’s actions serve as a warning to mankind, although his securing “fire” for humans is ultimately more beneficial for humans? Write a response to how these two heroes are unique in individual ways and account for whom you would rather meet and why if there was a change of such a rare opportunity?
1. Original post (300 words approx.)

You work in the Ethics Department for ABC Company (ABC). Your department is dedicated
to advising its employees about their ethical obligations in the corporate setting. You are an
internal consultant who provides advice and most importantly, recommendations for action to
employees of the firm. All communications you receive in this capacity are confidential.
Luke, an employee of ABC, comes to you with the following scenario and asks for your advice.
He wants to fully consider the situation. Your task is to advise and recommend a course of
action based on the specified ethical lenses and facts as given. Below are the facts that
Luke provides to you.
*****
Luke has been asked to work on a project that involves developing land recently purchased by
ABC to build an adult entertainment retail store. According to the plan, the land is located on
the corner of the neighborhood where Owen, Luke’s brother, lives.
Luke knows that as soon as the plans for the store are made public, property values for the
surrounding neighborhood will decrease significantly. ABC plans to publicly announce the
project one month from today.
Luke is concerned about his obligations of confidentiality to his company. However, Luke is
also very close to Owen, who recently told Luke that he received an offer to sell his house at an
“okay” price given the current real estate market. Owen is considering selling but hasn’t made
any final decision yet. He wonders if he might get a better offer a few years from now when
the real estate market improves.
What is the ethical issue, why is this an issue, and what should Luke do about it?

About the Gulf Coast
The Gulf of Mexico is bordered by five of the United States: Florida, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Texas. It is also bordered by Mexico and is the location ofCuba. The gulf itself
covers an expanse of 600,000 square miles and has a developed a circulation pattern for the
waters (General Facts about the Gulf of Mexico, 2011). Water enters the Yucatan Strait, flows
through the Loop Current, and exits through the Florida Strait (2011). The way in which the
water flows creates the well-known current, the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Coast acts as a major
drainage pool for the thirty-three major rivers and two-hundred and twenty-seven estuaries from
the United States alone (2011).
The states that line the Gulf have excellent opportunities to take advantage of the resources the
gulf has to offer. With 16,000 miles of coast in the United States alone, the Gulf provides easy
access to fishing, natural resources, and recreationopportunities (2011). The population of the
Gulf is expected to hit 61.4 million by2025 with Florida and Texas expected to house most of the
new population (2011). Tourism boosts the economy by $20 billion each year and seven of the
top-ten seaports are located along the Gulf Coast (2011). The Gulf “yields more finfish, shrimp,
and shellfish annually than the south and mid-Atlantic, Chesapeake, and New England areas
combined,” and is home to about 45,000 bottlenose dolphins (2011).
About the Oil Spill
On April 20, 2010, a tragic disaster hit the Gulf Coast. British Petroleum’s (BP)Deepwater
Horizon rig exploded spewing crude oil into the ocean from the threemajor cracks in the rig. It
rivaled the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill within days of exploding(Gerstein, 2010). A few years
earlier, BP was fined $20 million for neglecting toprevent leaks in a pipeline in Alaska’s Prudhoe
Bay (2010). From June 5, 2010 toJune 14, 2010, BP had collected 127,000 barrels of oil in their
containment cap alone; while it is believed that a total 60,000 barrels of oil a day are gushing
into the Gulf (Gerstein, 2010). The oil slick can be seen from space and covers an area of 130
miles by 70 miles even though BP has dumped 50,000 barrels of heavy mud on theleaks to help
stop the flow of oil (2010). After the insistence from government officials, BP began drilling a
relief well that will intersect with the original well and willpull up oil so that BP can dump more
mud and concrete into the old well and retire itfor good (Walsh, 2010). During the
period between the explosion and BP’s decision to drill the relief well, they hadattempted to use
a variety of tactics to quell the leaks: “top-hats, containment domes, top kills, junk shots” (2010).
How the Spill Has Affected the Gulf
“‘I’m not too worried about oil on the surface,’ says one scientist. ‘It’s the things wedon’t see
that worry me the most’” (Begley, 2010). The oil that has been leaking fromthe well has done
more than float to the surface and become an eyesore; it has also been trapped beneath the
surface of the waves and carried methane to other parts of the Gulf (2010). At first officials (both
for the government and BP) attempted to dispel these finding, however, the independent
scientists who boldly made these claims have been proven correct (2010). Not onlyhas the oil
spill affected the shorelines and marshes, it has also seeped into unexplored ocean and could
possibly disrupt the natural ecosystems that thrived there before the spill (2010). Louisiana State
University chemist, Ed Overton, said, “‘It’s [the oil spill] going to cause verysubstantial and
noticeable damage–marsh loss and coastal erosion and impact on fisheries, dead birds, dead
turtles–but we’ll know what that is. It’s the things wedon’t see that worry me the most. What
happens if you wipe out all those jellyfish down there? We don’t know what their role is in the
environment. But Mother Nature put them there for a reason,’” (2010). The dispersants that are
used to help break up oil spills are making the environment under water even worse by
“‘changing thechemistry and physics of the oil,’ says biological oceanographer Ajit
Subramaniam ofColumbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. ‘They are creating
micro layers of oil that are being carried by the deep currents.’ Even without dispersants,the
crude gets broken into zillions of droplets suspended in the water column and corralled there,
prevented from rising to the surface” (2010). Two main plumes of the oil and methane mix have
been found and the largest is 22 miles long, 6 miles wide,and 3,000 miles thick (2010). Not only
do the plumes deprive the areas of oxygen but they also suffocate marine-life by clogging up
their respiratory systems with oil (2010).
If large marine animals are not affected directly as a result of the oil spill, their dietaryneeds will
eventually harm them as an indirect consequence of the oil spill. Planktonwill likely ingest the
oil and as one of the lowest organisms on the food chain, the oilthey ingest will find its way up
to the top of the food chain; and linchpins (organisms that act as the garbage collectors
underwater) will fail to clean up the dead organisms that will pile up on the ocean floor,
therefore, depriving other creatures of nutrients that are by-products ofthe disposal of the dead
organisms (2010). The list of marine-life that could potentially be affected by the oil spill goes
on and on, anything from coral reefs to fish to crustaceans to tube worms (2010).
The costs of the spill are overwhelming: 12,000 people from Louisiana alone haveapplied for
unemployment since the spill, most from the southern part of the state; the cost of the spill for
BP as of June 14, 2010 was $1.6 billion; it is estimated that the spill will cost taxpayers $1.5
billion because the government had put a $75 million cap on oil company liability for oil spills
(though this cap may be raised to $10 billion); and as of June 14, 2010, 26,500 Gulf residents
have been paid $62 million in tax claims due to the oil spill (Gerstein, 2010). It is estimated that
four hundred species are going to be affected by the spill; at least thirty species of birds will be
affected due to the spill also coinciding with breeding season; 25 million migratingbirds could
potentially be scarred by the spill (2010).
It is not just wildlife being affected by the spill. The tourism industry has also beenpummeled.
Oil coming onto shores has caused authorities to advise people againstgoing to the beaches for
swimming and people have been cancelling their trips to the Gulf. For Mississippi, it could mean
a loss of $120 million in revenue from tourism(Jervis, 2010). A big fear for tourism agencies in
the Gulf is that previous repeattourists who were forced to travel somewhere new for the
summer will continue to go to new places in future years (2010). This in turn willcontinue to
decrease revenue brought in by tourism.
Gulf Coast Recovering Process
BP is attempting to help the states affected by the oil spill. Mississippi, Alabama, andLouisiana
received $15 million each from BP, while Florida received $25 million (NewOrleans is asking
that BP shell out another $75 million to them alone to help maintain their image); all the states
plan on using the majority of the money to fund advertisingcampaigns to draw in tourists (Jervis,
2010). BP has also set aside $20 billion for “tourism and leisure businesses” who file
compensation claims (2010).
Daniel R. Brown, superintendent of Gulf Islands National Seashore in Florida, is optimistic.
Although oil has been brought onto the shores, with time, sand has settled on top of the oil and
brought back the original white sandy beaches (Beard, 2010). Although they still have to get the
oil from under the sand, it brings hope toBrown. BP cleanup crews have been using different
techniques to get the tar out:Beach Techs, Sand Sharks, and Sand Mans; however, Brown would
prefer the use of hand tools in order to protect organism living in the upper layers of sand since
the machines damage so much (2010). In Alabama, “Thunder on the Gulf” and local festivals
(with fresh seafood) has helped to boost tourism numbers (2010).
50,000 people from local, state, and federal agencies have come together to help clean up
Louisiana, whether it be squeegee-ing off oil from the surface of the waterto pulling up clumps
of dead marsh grass that has collected oil to operatingmachines that scare away birds from areas
with oil (The Shores of Recovery, 2011).All of this will be paid for by BP eventually; however,
BP has refused to pay forcertain things. For example, the Mississippi River is being used to help
flush out theoil from the coast shores. The oysters that live in that area will die off due to the lack
of salt water; people who harvest these oysters will not benefit from BP because BPfeels that the
oysters were not affected by the oil and they do not need to fund areseeding of oyster farms
(2011). Due to the media’s reporting that beaches were ruined after the oil spill, many people
have been deterred from visiting the coast even a year after the spill because of fears that the
beaches are still coated with oil; manytourism agencies have to fight twice as hard to attract
tourists to the beaches (2011).

Supporting Positive Change
• This is an individual assignment.
• In the introduction, write a very short note on importance of effective leadership.

1. From your experience, what have effective managers done to bring out the best in you and other employees?
Write few lines about effective managership. Qualities of an effective manager. Few points can be taken from the above item.
Effective goal setting. Delegation. Development. Reward mistakes. Appreciate in public and reprimand in private. Effective upward communication (techniques).
No preaching only workable solutions. Give at least two solutions. Research and write. Link to your experience.

2. What managers can do to ensure effective change at the work-group level?
Change agent-recommend new practices, disapprove current practices, introduce ‘Break the rule phenomenon’. Identify areas for change. Involve and don’t impose. Follow-up. Communication is key to success. Persuasion-link change to their personal growth (what’s in it for me). Phase-wise implementation of change. Gradual and no sudden change.
No preaching only workable solutions. Give at least two solutions. Research and write. Link to your experience.

NOTE: LET US DISCUSS MORE ABOUT IT IN THE CLASS