1. Summarize main ideas from To Err is Human executive summary and write it down in your own words
To Err is Human was the first report from the committee first report and it mainly focused on the quality issues. The report indicated as a result of human errors, thousands of Americans die each year as they receive care while hundreds of thousands suffer or barely escape non-fatal injuries that can be prevented under a truly high-quality care system. The report emphasized the importance of redesigning the existing health care structure and adopt the new ones that can enhance the realization of quality healthcare services that mitigate the issues that result in human errors in healthcare. The report reflected on safety in the healthcare services where it established both the patient and the workers are at risk of injuries and deaths (Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine, 2001). For instance, it indicated that 6000 Americans workers die due to workplace injuries with medication errors alone occurring whether in or out of the hospital contributing to more than 7000 deaths yearly.
The errors conducted in health care are very expensive in terms of opportunity costs in terms of the money spent to conduct diagnostic tests, purchasers and patients pay for errors when insurance costs and component are inflated by services that would not have been spent, if the proper care was offered in the first place. In this consideration, the committee felt the importance of drafting the second report that focuses on the key issues that need to be improved for perfect health care services that reduce the number of errors that results in costly issues at later stages such as death and funding for the medication afresh. The Err is Human led to the second report that purposes to highlight the different activities that needed to be upheld for improvement in American health delivery system to be realized as a whole.

2. What are the Six Domains of Healthcare Quality as outlined in the IOM report, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century

The six domains of healthcare quality as reflected in the IOM report include safety, patient-centered, timeliness, efficiency, equity, and efficiency. The IOM recommended fundamental changes in health care and emphasized the 21st-century healthcare be based on the aforementioned domains. In the case of safety, the IOM emphasizes a healthcare profession is expected to avoid hurting the patients from the care that is anticipated to help them recover. Timelines domain emphasizes the reduction of waiting and harmful delays, efficiency stresses on avoiding waste while accountability guarantees all the peoples’ quality care despite their color, geographic location, socioeconomic status and the gender among other characteristics. Effectiveness domain emphasizes on the importance of providing health care services based on scientific knowledge to all the people who are likely to benefit and avoid providing services to individuals who are not likely to benefit as a way to avoid overuse and underuse (Committee on Quality of Health Care in America, Institute of Medicine, 2001). Patient-centeredness expects the healthcare professionals to provide care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, values, and needs.
The IOM report emphasized the importance of all the stakeholders such as the policymakers, purchasers, health care trustees, consumers, providers and management among others, to be guided by the six domains as an attempt to realize the health care that matches the 21st century. The improvement of the stakeholders will lead to the realization of health care services that are desired by all people in the society. The needed health care should not hurt and at the same time fail to deliver the expectations or the potential benefits to the people. In this consideration, it remains important to uphold the current technology to provide the assistance that is needed by the society and the entire country to achieve quality health care services. There are various issues that need to be changed in the health care system such as its structure to enable the realization of efficiency where all the resources are considerably utilized for the effectiveness of resources.

No. Quiz Example ( in Healthcare if possible)
3. What are the 8 lean wastes?

1. —-Transportation
2. —-Waiting
3. —-Overproduction
4. —-Defects leading to rework
5. —-Not utilising skilled talent
6. —-Inventory
7. —-Motion
8. —-Extra processing
Transportation in cases of moving of medical equipment from one ward to another during treatment, waiting as patients wait to get treated by a doctor, overproduction as in requiring patients to do unnecessary tests in the lab, defects leading to rework an example is surgeries done wrong and would thus require correctional procedures, lack of use of skilled talent such as nurses required to clean hospital wards, inventory lean waste where medicine expires due to overstocking, motion when a patient has to be moved to a separate hospital for specialized treatment and extra processing collecting many blood tests that are more than is required from the patient (Hearn, n.d.)
4. What does complacency mean?
(With clarification or example why it’s dangerous for Quality in organisation )

This is when nurses or health practitioners feel satisfied with their situation or abilities that prevents them from growing their skills. It is dangerous since lack of growth means in case of challenges and pressing situations chances of errors are high.

Health practitioners become reluctant to improve their knowledge and skills in practice.