Slavery

  1. Overall Topic: The Debate over Slavery
  2. Resources:
  3. Required Sources: Documents posted to Shared Class File
  4. Supplemental Sources: additional sources of your own choosing

III.     General Instructions

  1. Based on your readings and focusing on the questions in Section IV, write an essay in which you analyze and interpret the major arguments in the debate over slavery.
  2. Format
  3. Length: No minimum length, but not to exceed 15 pages (text plus source notes and bibliography pages)
  4. Format:  margins – 1” all around; Font – Bookman Old Style or Times New Roman; Pitch – 11; line space – single.
  5.        Citations – See (section V) the extract (pp. 2-8) from the Chicago Style Manual.  I will accept either form of citation.
  6. Cover sheet: No cover sheet necessary
  7. Submission
  8. Paper is due in hard copy at the start of class on Wednesday, 8 April.
  9. Late papers will be accepted, but ten (10) points will be deducted for each day late.
  10. Late submissions will be accepted without penalty only in the case of verifiable emergencies requiring hospitalization
  11. Electronic submission to turnitin.com is due by midnight, 8 April.
  12. Analysis & Writing Instructions
  13. Begin with a brief (no more than one page) overview of the main factors and events that generated the debate over slavery
  14. Two of the strongest voices for and against slavery were William Lloyd Garrison and John C. Calhoun.  Using the documents “Anti-Slavery – Garrison” and “Pro-Slavery — Calhoun,” discuss their primary arguments for and against slavery.
  15. Summarize each man’s principal arguments.
  16. Explain how each man justifies his position.
  17. Describe and evaluate the evidence that each man presents to support his arguments.

4        Critique each man’s position, indicating whether you think the he makes a strong case (providing hard evidence and verifiable facts and using clear logic) or a weak case (based purely on subjective factors, such as emotion, racism, etc.).  .

  1. Much of the argumentation used religious, Bible-based arguments.
  2. What were the religious arguments raised by the proponents and opponents of slavery to justify their respective positions?
  3. How did each side use the Bible to support its position.  What specific parts and passages of the Bible did each side cite in support of its position?
  4. What arguments did each side raise to rebut the arguments of the other?
  5. Why was one side convinced that the Bible supported slavery; while the other was equally convinced that the Bible did?
  6. Which religious groups appear to have been the strongest proponents and opponents of slavery?
  7. Where did Roman Catholics and Jews stand on the slavery issue?
  8. A further major area of dispute was political.
  9. What were the reasons that slavery was a political issue.
  10. Using the writings and orations of Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun, as well as any other political commentators of your choosing, discuss
  11. the major political arguments for and against slavery;
  12. the evidence, logic or emotional appeals that the writers and orators used to support their arguments?
  13. In your opinion, do their arguments suggest that there was any possibility of meaningful compromise?  Explain.
  14. Another major point of dispute was humanitarian in nature, that is, concerned the quality of life of slaves versus the quality of life of free Blacks in the north.
  15. What are the principal arguments of each side?
  16. With what evidence do they support their arguments?
  17. How significant is the evidence (e.g., is it based on a few, possibly isolated incidents, or many incidents (thereby showing a pattern); is it anecdotal (a claim made by someone who did not personally witness an event, usually of the type “You know, they say that…”; “I’m sure it’s true because my best friend says her husband heard it at work;  “It has to be true because I read it on the Internet …”), or is it based on verifiable eyewitness accounts?)?

V.      Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. Choosing between the two often depends on subject matter and the nature of sources cited, as each system is favored by different groups of scholars.

The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic information in notes and, often, a bibliography. It accommodates a variety of sources, including esoteric ones less appropriate to the author-date system.  This style also requires superscript reference numbers.

The author-date system has long been used by those in the physical, natural, and social sciences. In this system, sources are briefly cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by author’s last name and date of publication. The short citations are amplified in a list of references, where full bibliographic information is provided.

VA.    Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations: The following examples illustrate citations using the notes and bibliography system. Each set begins with a source note citation, followed by a shortened version of a citation to the same source, and ending with the bibliographic citation.

Books

One author
  1. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York: Penguin, 2006), 99–100.
  2. Pollan, Omnivore’s Dilemma, 3.

Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin, 2006.

Two or more authors
  1. Geoffrey C. Ward and Ken Burns, The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945 (New York: Knopf, 2007), 52.
  2. Ward and Burns, War, 59–61.

Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf, 2007.

Chapter or other part of a book
  1. John D. Kelly, “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War,” in Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, ed. John D. Kelly et al. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), 77.
  2. Kelly, “Seeing Red,” 81–82.

Kelly, John D. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources)
  1. Quintus Tullius Cicero, “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship,” in Rome: Late Republic and Principate, ed. Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White, vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, ed. John Boyer and Julius Kirshner (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986), 35.
  2. Cicero, “Canvassing for the Consulship,” 35.

Cicero, Quintus Tullius. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship.” In Rome: Late Republic and Principate, edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White. Vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner, 33–46. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986. Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, trans., The Letters of Cicero, vol. 1 (London: George Bell & Sons, 1908).

Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book
  1. James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx–xxi.
  2. Rieger, introduction, xxxiii.

Rieger, James. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.

Book published electronically: If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL; include an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number.
  1. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), Kindle edition.
  2. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), accessed February 28, 2010, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
  3. Austen, Pride and Prejudice.
  4. Kurland and Lerner, Founder’s Constitution, chap. 10, doc. 19.

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle edition.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Journal article

Article in a print journal: In a note, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the bibliography, list the page range for the whole article.
  1. Joshua I. Weinstein, “The Market in Plato’s Republic,” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 440.
  2. Weinstein, “Plato’s Republic,” 452–53.

Weinstein, Joshua I. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104 (2009): 439–58.

Article in an online journal

Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline.

  1. Gueorgi Kossinets and Duncan J. Watts, “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network,” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 411, accessed February 28, 2010, doi:10.1086/599247.
  2. Kossinets and Watts, “Origins of Homophily,” 439.

Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115 (2009): 405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010. doi:10.1086/599247.

Article in a newspaper or popular magazine

Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text (“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York Times article on February 27, 2010, . . .”) instead of in a note, and they are commonly omitted from a bibliography. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title.

  1. Daniel Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” New Yorker, January 25, 2010, 68.
  2. Sheryl Gay Stolberg and Robert Pear, “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote,” New York Times, February 27, 2010, accessed February 28, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.
  3. Mendelsohn, “But Enough about Me,” 69.
  4. Stolberg and Pear, “Wary Centrists.”

Mendelsohn, Daniel. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, January 25, 2010.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, February 27, 2010. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.

Website

A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text or in a note (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . . .”). If a more formal citation is desired, it may be styled as in the examples below. Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified.

  1. “Google Privacy Policy,” last modified March 11, 2009, http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.
  2. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts,” McDonald’s Corporation, accessed July 19, 2008, http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.
  3. “Google Privacy Policy.”
  4. “Toy Safety Facts.”

Google. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11, 2009. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.

McDonald’s Corporation. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19, 2008. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

IVB.   Author-Date: Sample Citations

The following examples illustrate citations using the author-date system. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding parenthetical citation in the text.

Book

One author

Pollan, Michael. 2006. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. New York: Penguin.

(Pollan 2006, 99–100)

Two or more authors

Ward, Geoffrey C., and Ken Burns. 2007. The War: An Intimate History, 1941–1945. New York: Knopf.

(Ward and Burns 2007, 52)

For four or more authors, list all of the authors in the reference list; in the text, list only the first author, followed by et al. (“and others”):

(Barnes et al. 2010)

Chapter or other part of a book

Kelly, John D. 2010. “Seeing Red: Mao Fetishism, Pax Americana, and the Moral Economy of War.” In Anthropology and Global Counterinsurgency, edited by John D. Kelly, Beatrice Jauregui, Sean T. Mitchell, and Jeremy Walton, 67–83. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

(Kelly 2010, 77)

Chapter of an edited volume originally published elsewhere (as in primary sources)

Cicero, Quintus Tullius. 1986. “Handbook on Canvassing for the Consulship.” In Rome: Late Republic and Principate, edited by Walter Emil Kaegi Jr. and Peter White. Vol. 2 of University of Chicago Readings in Western Civilization, edited by John Boyer and Julius Kirshner, 33–46. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Originally published in Evelyn S. Shuckburgh, trans., The Letters of Cicero, vol. 1 (London: George Bell & Sons, 1908).

(Cicero 1986, 35)

Preface, foreword, introduction, or similar part of a book

Rieger, James. 1982. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, xi–xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

(Rieger 1982, xx–xxi)

Book published electronically

If a book is available in more than one format, cite the version you consulted. For books consulted online, list a URL; include an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline. If no fixed page numbers are available, you can include a section title or a chapter or other number.

Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle edition.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

(Austen 2007)

(Kurland and Lerner, chap. 10, doc. 19)

Journal article

Article in a print journal

In the text, list the specific page numbers consulted, if any. In the reference list entry, list the page range for the whole article.

Weinstein, Joshua I. 2009. “The Market in Plato’s Republic.” Classical Philology 104:439–58.

(Weinstein 2009, 440)

Article in an online journal

Include a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if the journal lists one. A DOI is a permanent ID that, when appended to http://dx.doi.org/ in the address bar of an Internet browser, will lead to the source. If no DOI is available, list a URL. Include an access date only if one is required by your publisher or discipline.

Kossinets, Gueorgi, and Duncan J. Watts. 2009. “Origins of Homophily in an Evolving Social Network.” American Journal of Sociology 115:405–50. Accessed February 28, 2010. doi:10.1086/599247.

(Kossinets and Watts 2009, 411)

Article in a newspaper or popular magazine

Newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in running text (“As Sheryl Stolberg and Robert Pear noted in a New York Times article on February 27, 2010, . . .”), and they are commonly omitted from a reference list. The following examples show the more formal versions of the citations. If you consulted the article online, include a URL; include an access date only if your publisher or discipline requires one. If no author is identified, begin the citation with the article title.

Mendelsohn, Daniel. 2010. “But Enough about Me.” New Yorker, January 25.

Stolberg, Sheryl Gay, and Robert Pear. 2010. “Wary Centrists Posing Challenge in Health Care Vote.” New York Times, February 27. Accessed February 28, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28health.html.

(Mendelsohn 2010, 68)

(Stolberg and Pear 2010)

Website

A citation to website content can often be limited to a mention in the text (“As of July 19, 2008, the McDonald’s Corporation listed on its website . . .”). If a more formal citation is desired, it may be styled as in the examples below. Because such content is subject to change, include an access date or, if available, a date that the site was last modified. In the absence of a date of publication, use the access date or last-modified date as the basis of the citation.

Google. 2009. “Google Privacy Policy.” Last modified March 11. http://www.google.com/intl/en/privacypolicy.html.

McDonald’s Corporation. 2008. “McDonald’s Happy Meal Toy Safety Facts.” Accessed July 19. http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/about/factsheets.html.

(Google 2009)

(McDonald’s 2008)